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One of the famous implement and machine makers in Ayrshire is Pollock Farm Equipment Limited. Its roots go back to 1867 when Andrew Pollock started a shop in the Cowgate, Machine. By 1877 his address was the “Implement and Machine Works, Mauchline”. He was an agricultural implement maker, a smith and a smith and farrier.

Andrew quickly recognised the importance of providing farmers with a broad range of implements and machines. In addition to making his own ones, he also acted as an agent for other makers. By 1886 he acted for W. N. Nicholson & Son, Newark on Trent, famous for their horse rakes. In later years he also sold manufactures from other of the makers such as Thomas Corbett, Perseverance Iron Works, Shrewsbury, and Harrison, McGregor & Co. Ltd, Leigh, Lancashire. All are major English makers.

Andrew became well-renowned for his own manufactures, winning a number of awards for them. But it was those implements for cultivation of the soil, hay and straw trussers, potato diggers and cheese presses that he was especially known, even well through the twentieth century. His manufactures were, according to the North British Agriculturist in 1893, “characteristically those designed for farming as carried on in Ayrshire and the adjoining counties”. He was also an inventor, applying for two patents in relation to his machine for topping and tailing turnips in 1878.

He was well-known throughout the implement-making community of Scotland, also exhibiting his manufactures at major agricultural shows including the Highland Show where he was a regular exhibitor from 1875 onwards.

The historical record will only give us a few details about the work and activities of some of the Scottish agricultural implement makers. Sometimes they may appear fro a year or a small number of years in local trade and other directories. They may advertise on one or two occasions in the farming press. Or they may appear at the Highland Show when it was visiting their area. Local records such as valuation rolls, census and other family history papers may provide additional information.

One Ayrshire implement maker for which there are few details is John Morton, Boghall Smithy, Galston. He is recorded at that address in the mid 1890s. By the fiirst decade of the twentieth century he may have moved premises, as there is a John Morton recorded at Strath Road, Newmilns. At Galston, Morton undertook business which extended to the south of Scotland. He exhibited at the Highland Show in Edinburgh in 1893, at the Dumfries show in 1895 and the Glasgow show in 1897. There he exhibited his rick lifter and a patent steel plough. By the first decade of the twentieth century, trade directories record him as an agricultural implement maker, a millwright and a smith.

Have you seen any implements or machines made by John Morton?

The photograph of the nameplate was taken at Ayrshire vintage rally, July 2016.

One of the well-known Ayrshire implement and machine makers of yesteryear was George McCartney & Co., engineers, Cunnock. The company was already established by 1850. By 1894 it was located at Glaisnock Street in Old Cumnock, and in 1903 it gave its address as Burnside Works, Cumnock, where it remained in business until the 1930s.

In 1893 the company described itself as engineers, millwrights and ironmongers. It was also an agricultural implement maker, electrical accessory and appliance manufacturer, engineer, manufacturer and mechanical engineer. It was most well known fro its thrashing machines and reaping machines. In 1870 the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland awarded its silver medal for its 3 or 4 horse power thrashing machine and in 1875 that society also awarded it a medium silver medal for one of its thrashing machines. It was its thrashing machines that it also heavily advertised in the Scottish agricultural press, in the North British Agriculturist from 1861, and the Scottish Farmer from 1893. In 1910 its threshing machines included a 3 feet 8 in bolster high speed threshing machine, with crank shakers, riddle and fanners (which sold at £77; with double blast £83), its “Eclipse” combined thresher and dresser, 20 inch wide, with horse gear (for £32); and a 16 inch thresher dresser, with revolving shakers and horse gear (for £27).

The company was a frequent attender at the Highland Show from 1850, though after 1852 it did not attend again until the 1870 show. Attendance was sporadic, with the company favouring the show in the south of Scotland and central Scotland show districts.

The company continued in business until 1933. However, its legacy continued. On 14 October 1933 William Dickie & Sons, East Kilbride advertised “McCartney & Co., Cumnock, the old established firm has given up business. We have secured the patterns and drawings for their threshing mills, water wheels, gears, water bowls &c.” If you bought a threshing mill from Dickie’s of East Kilbride, after 1933, the chance is that it would have been one that used the patterns from George McCartney & Co.

The photographs of the nameplates were taken at the Ayrshire Vintage Rally, July 2016.

If you wanted to buy a set of rollers in 1952 you could choose from a variety of types and from a range of makers.

Rollers came in a number of different types and included flat, Cambridge, ridge, and triple-gang rollers, which could be horse or tractor drawn. Widths ranged rom 7 feet wide to 24 feet wide. Some of the makers manufactured speciific types, while others made a broad range, for the two different types of power.

Drill ploughs played an important role in the cultivation of a range of green crops including potatoes and turnips. By the early twentieth century most farmers used drill ploughs for growing potatoes. Where they did not, they used a single plough instead.

In 1910 you could purchase a drill and ridging plough from a number of makers in Scotland. Gavin Callander made a one horse drill plough which sold for £2 10s. Thomas Hunter & Sons, Maybole, had an improved mould or drill plough with curved steel moulds and marker for £5 10s. A. Newlands & Son, Linlithgow, had a section including a one horse drill plough with steel moulds and expanding screw (£4 10s), a combined drill and potato plough with marker and steel moulds and expanding screw (£6 18s 6d), and a combined drill and potato plough with marker sn steel moulds and expanding screw (£6 18s 6d). Kemp & Nicholson, Stirling, and George Sellar & Son also made these ploughs.

If you were a farmer wanting to buy a set of Scottish-made harrows in 1952 you could have bought a set from a number of makers.

Disc harrows were largely made by English makers such as E. H. Bental & Co. Ltd, Heybridge, Maldon, Harry Ferguson Ltd, International Harvester Company of Great Britain Ltd, and Martin’s Cultivator Co Ltd, but there were also Scottish makers. A. Newlands & Sons Ltd, Linlithgow, manufactured a set of tractor-drawn tandem harrows which had a working width of 7 feet 6 inch and either 20 or 24 inch diameter discs. A. & W. Pollock, Machine, had two sets of tandem harrows for the tractor: 24 inch x18 inch diameter discs and the larger 28 in x 18 inch diameter discs.

More commonly, Scottish makers manufactured a range of harrows. Some of them had been making implements for decades and were well-renowned makers. In the east, Lennox M. Blyth, Chirnside, Berwickshire, manufactured zigzag harrows for the tractor. They had independently held tines, pointed at both ends, and were reversible. They could be fitted to a transport tree to fit Nuffield, Ferguson, Fordson, and David down tractors. In the south-west, John Wallace & Sons (Ayr) Ltd, Ayr, had chain and zigzag harrows, while Charles Weir Ltd, Striven, was also a maker of harrows.

In Edinburgh there were two makers: J. L. & J. Ballach, Gorgie Implement Works, who made tractor drawn diamond harrows (the company was also a noted maker of harrow teeth) and James H. Steele, Harrison Road, who made tractor drawn zig zag harrows with combined whippletree and transporter.

In central and eastern Scotland, there was Alexander Thomas, Guildton, Perthshire, and McCartney & Miller, Bridgend, Ceres, Fife, the latter of which made horse drawn harrows to take 26, 27 or 28 inch drills. A. Newlands & Sons Ltd, Linlithgow, had tractor or horse drawn spring tooth harrows. Perhaps the most extensive maker of all was Cruikshank & Co., Denny, Stirlingshire, with its “Denny” range. They included the spring tine for horse draught; zigzag harrows for either horse or tractor draught, zigzag harrows for tractor draught (with a working width of from 12 feet 6 ins to 19 feet), grass seed and wheat (working width 8ft-16ft), saddleback (with two or three rows), or “Staryator”, a star wheel harrow attached to a plough.

From the north-east, George R. Brown, Pluscardin, Elgin, manufactured all types as well as drill harrows for the Ferguson lift. George Forsyth, Tocherford Smithy, Wartle, Aberdeenshire, made harrows for tractor draught. MacDonald Bros, Portsoy, made spring tooth harrows for the tractor which could also be used as a cultivator. William Nicol, Tillyfourie, Aberdeen, made a range of tractor drawn harrows, including spring tine ones (13 or 15 tines in 2 rows, or 13, 16, 19 tines in 3 rows), seed harrows, potato harrows, and chain harrows.

So, if you wanted to buy a set of Scottish-made harrows in 1952 you could choose one from a number of makers, making either horse of tractor harrows of a range of types including diamond, zig-zag, spring tooth, spring tine, seed, potato, chain, and drill. Some were long-established and well-known makers, dating back to the second half of the nineteenth century when Scottish agricultural implement making became a well-established industry.

The photographs of the harrows were taken at the Fife Vintage Agricultural Machinery Rally, June 2015.

If you were a farmer or agriculturist in the Stirling area before the early 1930s you would have been familiar with the eminent name of Kemp & Nicholson of Scottish Central Works.

The company conducted business from their premises in Dumbarton Road, Stirling, as Kemp, Murray & Nicholson, in 1858. The company had further business activities further east in East Lothian. In the North British Agriculturist in November 1858 stated that “Kemp, Murray & Nicholson have removed from their branch establishment, Haddington, to their headquarters in Stirling where they have been in business for the last 10 years and where their business will henceforth be exclusively carried on.” By 1859 the company described itself as agricultural implement manufacturers, though by 1870 it had expanded its range of trades to be joiners, agricultural implement and reaping machine makers and engineers, activities that it became renowned for in the following decades.

The company underwent a number of significant changes in its early years: the partnership changed in 1876 so that it became renamed Kemp & Nicholson, a title it retained until the 1930s; in 1884 it moved from Dumbarton Road to more commodious premises at Cow Park Siding which adjoined the goods station of the North British Railway; it set up the Scottish Implement Works in the mid 1880s; by the 1890s it became an important agent as well as manufacturer of agricultural implements and machines, selling manufactures from the leading makers throughout Britain and further afield (this activity had started in the early 1870s with the company stated that “in addition to implements of their own manufacture, they have always in stock implements and machines of the best English manufacture”); by the mid 1890s it was also a cart, van and wagon builder.

The company was quick to publicise its manufactures to the farmers of Scotland. From 1858 until 1931 it was a regular exhibitor at the Highland Show, also having an extensive stand. It was also a regular advertiser in the Scottish agricultural press, being one of the few Scottish companies to advertise throughout the year.

The company was renowned for a number of types of implements and machines. From the 1870s, at the height of the development of local harvesting machinery, it quickly established its reputation as a maker of reaping machines, for which it continued to be renowned until the 1900s. By 1890 its specialisms were reapers, mowers, horse takes, grubbers, harrows and ploughs. In 1903 these specialisms were reapers, mowers, horse rakes, harrows, food coolers and turnip slicers, and two years later reapers, mowers, horse rakes, grubbers, harrows, ploughs, carts, vans, turnip cutters and hay presses. These were to be its staple manufactures into the early 1930s.

The company was highly recognised for its manufactures. In 1857 it was awarded 4 sovereigns for the best three row sowing machine for beans at the Highland Show. The company received a long list of awards from the Highland Show in following years: best harvest cart (1857), commended best sowing machine for grass seeds (1858), bronze medal for second best harrows for heavy land (1860), bronze medal for second best harrows for light land (1860), bronze medal for the second best harrows for light land (1860), bronze medal for second best drill sowing machine for grain (1860), best sowing machine for grass seeds (1860), best one harvest part with harvest frame (1860), best sowing machine for grass seeds 91861), highly commended combined reaping and mowing machine (1861), commended for food cooling barrows (1868) silver medal for collection (1870), medium silver medal for collection (1871), medium silver medal for collection (1873), medium silver medal for collection (1875).

The company continued to trade until shortly after the death of Major Kemp Smith in March 1930. The North British Agriculturist had commented favourably on him and his role within the Scottish agricultural implement and machinery trade in July 1894. It wrote:

“Mr J. Kemp Smith-Although the youngest of the Scottish implement trade, Mr Smith is not by any means the least important member of it. By force of circumstances he occupies the enviable position of principal in Messrs Kemp & Nicholson’s, one of the oldest and most extensive businesses in the agricultural implement trade. Mr Smith is a grandson of the late Mr john Kemp, of Stirling, whose career we fully detailed at the time of his death last autumn, and who, for some years of ill-health prior to his decease, sought for means whereby he could be relieved of the onerous duties which a large engineering business involved. While considering the advisability of forming a limited company against disposing of the whole business as a going concern by private sale, Mr Kemp was delivered from his dilemma by his being joined by his grandson, then only about nineteen years of age. Mr Smith started his apprenticeship in the works nine years ago, on 7th July 1884, and for nearly five years engaged in the practical work in the workshops. Upon his grandfather’s death, in August last year, Mr Smith found himself, with a comparatively short experience, at the head of the Scottish Central Implement works, a position which many older men, from its great responsibilities, would have hesitated from taking up. Mr Smith has, however, with great pluck, assumed the command of the works, as they are now busily employed with the production of all sorts of tillage and harvest implements, as well as of farm carts, of which latter Mr Kemp made quite a speciality. Mr Smith is a young man of good capabilities and engaging manner, so that he bids well worthy to fill the place so long occupied by his late respected grandfather.”

Kemp & Nicholson: a well-respected and long-established implement and machine maker that was renowned for its manufactures and moving with the times.

If you were looking to buy a new corn and seed drill in 1952 you would have had a number of machines to choose from which were made by a range of makers in Scotland, England and Ireland.

By this time there were, however, only a small number of Scottish makers. If you had been purchasing a machine in 1910 you could have chosen one from makers including George Sellar & Son, Huntly, Thomas Sherriff & Co., West Barns, Thomas Turnbull, Dumfries, Kemp & Nicholson, Stirling, Bon Accord Engineering Co. Ltd, Aberdeen, and Robert G. Garvie, Aberdeen. They provided a network of sowing machine makers throughout the country.