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The early tractor makers were not usually specialists in making agricultural implements or machines. Conversely, the Scottish agricultural and implement makers were not tractor makers (though Wallace (Implements) Ltd was the exception).

The recognition of the need to bring together the making of tractors and implements suited to them was an important step forward in agricultural engineering. By the 1950s we see trade directories which record ploughs suited for particular makes of tractors. For example ploughs of William Begg & Sons, Tarbolton, Ayrshire, were suitable for Ferguson tractors, Ploughs made by Cruikshank & Co., Denny, were suited for Ferguson and David Brown tractors while other models suited Fordson Major and Nuffield tractors.

If you were an agriculturist in the Lothians from the end of the First World War onwards you would have been ware of the name of Henry Alexander & Co., Nottingham Place, Edinburgh. By 1940 it had become incorporated as Alexanders of Edinburgh Ltd. In 1949 its agricultural department was located at 64 Fountainbridge; by 1954 its Rosemount Works were at Gardners Crescent. In 1962 its agricultural department had moved to the Hayfield Tractor Works, 536 Gorgie Road, Edinburgh. Gorgie Road was close to the Gorgie Markets and to other agricultural businesses including Ballachs, and George Henderson.

While farmers and agriculturists had significant difficulties farming by the end of the First World War, with increased acreages, dwindling supplies of male labour, a reduced number of horses, and a lack of progress in agricultural engineering, with implement and machine makers undertaking work for the government, there was an important revolution going on the farm. The move from horse and steam power to tractor power (whether paraffin or other fuels), brought an interesting interface in old and new technologies.

The national agricultural societies held their trials of tractors and implements over a number of years to assess their working capabilities and progress that was being made. They sometimes compared and contrasted the capabilities of the tractors along side the older steam power, which by that time was used to only a small extent to cultivate the land. But at the same time the steam ploughing and cultivating makers were also having a renaissance, and the second golden age of steam, through the award of the government contract to build a large number of ploughing engines (the exact number varies from source to source). The year 1918 was the “everest of the steam plough era”, in the words of Harold Bonnet.

But the steam ploughing engine makers had their own challenges. The modern tractors were a challenge to this older technology. In 1917 J. & H. McLaren, Midland Engine Works, Leeds (John McLaren was from Perthshire, before moving south), started to vigorously advertise their steam ploughing tackle. Its adverts were sometimes placed alongside those for tractors such as the Mogul, providing a stark contrast in cultivation systems. Like the tractor makers, Mclaren also advertised their steam ploughing tackle in terms of practicability. It was “suitable for all kinds of crops” and “efficient simple durable”.

But as steam cultivation was an ageing technology, the makers looked towards the modern world of engines. McLaren developed a motor windlass cable ploughing tackle. It made its way into Scotland, both through the North British Agriculture, and its use in East Lothian.

The North British Agriculturist carried news of a demonstration at Longniddry, East Lothian, where steam ploughing had been carried on for a number of decades. It stated: “More than ordinary interest is being aroused in the Longniddry district, Haddington, by ploughing on the cable system, which has been in operation for the past ten days at the Coates farm. This new departure in agricultural machinery is the invention of the well-known firm of agricultural engineers, Messrs J. & H. McLaren, Leeds, the object in view being to cultivate the land economically without injuring the soil by passing heavy bodies over it. The system is precisely the same as in the well-known “Double Engine System”, in which one engine is placed on each headland and the implement hauled backward and forward between them by means of steel ropes. In place of the heavy steam engine, however, on each headland, a light motor windlass is employed, worked by a petroleum or paraffin engine for hauling the cultivating implement-a system whereby the waste of fuel is obviated, as the one engine is stopped entirely while the other is pulling. The windlass is fitted with a four-cylinder internal combustion motor, of simple, strong, and efficient design, capable of rendering 32 horse-power when using paraffin as fuel, and 40 horse-power when running on petrol. It starts up at first on petrol, is then switched over to paraffin, on which it runs the whole time when at work. each windlass after pulling the plough across the field is stopped after taking up its new headland position, and when the plough or implement is nearly across the field to the other side it is started by a patent re-starter actuated by the tail-rope. Each windlass is furnished with 450 yards of hard steel wire rope, and the design, by placing the motor near the front axle, and the windlass over the rear axle, combined with the rope pull from the centre, prevents any pulling sideways. The plough used is an improved four-furrow anti-balance plough fitted up with digger breasts, which breaks up the furrow making it like spade-work. The depth is regulated by means of a screw in the centre and a wheel attached to the top of the plough. The manufacturers claim that it is a much more suitable proposition than the tractor, which actually presses the land by its weight; also that its consumption of fuel is lighter. The quantity of fuel they estimate at three gallons per acre on heavy land, and two gallons per acre on lighter soils.
Three men are employed, one on each windlass and one on the implement. A field of 30 acres of stubble land has been completed-one of the strongest soils in the neighbourhood. It was ploughed 8 inches deep and completed in 5 1/2 short working days. The manner in which the head rigs have been ploughed is highly satisfactory, and Mr Black, farmer at Coates, and all who have witnessed the trial have been favourably impressed with the work accomplished.
At the trial demonstration on Thursday conditions were adversely affected by the intense frost, but the working of the windlass tackle was seen to be very simple. There was no difficulty in ploughing the hard, frosty land to a depth of eight inches, the digger breast breaking up the land and spreading it out well, though not so neatly as on the previous days when the keen frost was absent.
The motor windlasses are easily and quickly moved from field to field. They can also be used for transport purposes, either in the field or on the road, for hauling reapers and binders, and driving threshing mill or any other description of machinery by belt.”

An interesting period of using different means of power to enter a modern age in post First World Scotland.

The photpgraphs show the two concreting sides of agricultural motive power around the end of the First World War: a Fordson F from 1919 and a steam ploughing engine (“Master” from the pair “Master” and “Mistress”.

The photographs were taken at the Fife Vintage Agricultural Machinery rally, June 2017.

In 1916 the death of John Marshall of Alexander Jack & Sons, Ltd, Maybole, marked the end of an era in the Scottish agricultural implement trade. As we saw in an earlier post, John Marshall, or Provost Marshall, was one of the “giants” in the trade (https://www.facebook.com/scottishagriculturalimplementmakers/posts/629635720563065).

The Scottish Farmer set out his importance and his eminent life in his obituary on 18 March:

“The Provost” is dead! In the agricultural implement trade there was only one “Provost”, and when the word was uttered nothing further was required to identify the person.
Few men in the West of Scotland lived a more strenuous and honourable life than John Marshall, managing director of the well-known firm of Messrs Alexander Jack & Sons (Ltd), Maybole. Although so long identified with the west county, Mr Marshall was nota native. His home was Auchtermuchty, in Fife. There he was born on 15th October, 1839. He came to Maybole on 12th March, 1870, to enter the service of the firm of which he eventually became the head. He died there at Laurel Bank on Sabbath, 12th inst. Mr Marshall was assumed as a partner of the firm of Alexander Jack & Sons, in February, 1876, and on the death of his father-in-law, in the following year, he became sole partner.
The business of the firm expanded in leaps and bounds during the intervening years, until it is now one of the most extensive businesses of its kind. The firm specialised in farm carts, ploughs, potato diggers, and manure distributors, but indeed there was no department of agricultural engineering and implement-making which did not engage their attention. Mr Marshall was a consummate business man. He had the commercial instinct thoroughly well developed. He was an expert salesman, and in making contracts for the raw material of his expanding business he exhibited great foresight and keen business acumen. He was an admirable judge of men, and in large measure the secret of his success as a business man lay in his choice of those whom he gathered around him as heads of departments. He had a fine gift for assimilating ideas, and could take in the points of new designs and inventions as few were able to do. But his forte undoubtedly was the commercial side; there he was supreme, and the remarkable growth of the business of the firm was largely due to this feature of Mr Marshall’s character. In view of advancing years, and to ensure the perpetuity of the firm, and its widespread business, the firm some years ago was floated as a limited liability company (private), but to the very last Mr John Marshall was its mainspring and head.
In spite of his keen interest in the business of his firm, Mr Marshall contrived to devote a large proportion of his time to public duty. He was one of the most public-spirited men, not only in the town of Maybole, but throughout Ayrshire. He was a Burgh Commissioner for eighteen years, and filled the Provost’s chair for three full terms-nine years in all. He represented maypole in the County Council of Ayr for many years, with two breaks; was a Parish Councillor, and for five years chairman of the Parish Council filling the position of a member for 25 years; and for 22 years he was a member of the School Board. At the close of his third period of service as Provost of Maybole, in December, 1894, Mr Marshall was entertained to a public dinner, and was made the recipient of a handsome testimonial rom his fellow-townsmen. This function took place in the Town Hall, which had been built and opened free of debt during his terms of office, and he was the leading spirit in securing the gift of a public park for Maybole from the late Mr James Baird of Cambusdoon. He also successfully carried through other schemes of public improvement. In spite of all these local activities, the Provost found time to devote to the affairs of the Ayrshire Agricultural Association, in which he was keenly interested, and he also acted for more than one term as a director of the Glasgow Agricultural Society. His last public appearance in the city was on the recent occasion of the district meeting of members of the Highland and Agricultural Society, when he moved what proved to be the unanimous nomination of Mr Duncan Wallace, of Messrs John Wallace & Sons (Ltd), as a director of that body. His last public duty was sitting for two consecutive days asa a member of the Advisory Committee under the Military Service Act in Ayr. Withal “the Provost” was a keen sportsman. For thirty years he followed the Eglinton Hounds, and was a generous giver to all worthy objects. He was an elder in the Parish Church. He travelled extensively, making frequent trips to the United States and Canada, in which businesses and pleasure were combined; and in 1908, accompanied his only daughter, who survives him, he made a trip round the world. Those who knew Provost Marshall can readily believe that he was one of the first to join the volunteer movement, when it was revived in October, 1859. He then joined the Glasgow Warehousemen’s Company. He retired in 1864, but was thereafter present, first, at the memorable review before Queen Victoria in the Meadows, Edinburgh, in August, 1881, and again, among the veterans, before King Edward VII, in September, 1905.
The funeral of this public-spirited citizen, who so worthily played his part, took place on Wednesday. It was the largest funeral seen in Maybole within living memory.
Mrs Marshall predeceased her husband by a good many years. We tender our respectful sympathy to Miss Marshall in her bereavement.”

What a “giant” in the Scottish agricultural implement and machine trade!

The photographs were taken at the Ayrshire vintage rally, July 2016.

The year 2017 marks 100 years of Ford tractors in Britain. At that time Ford was not the only tractor makers selling tractors in Britain. The trials of tractors by the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland and the Royal Agricultural Society of England from 1917 until the early 1920s attracted a good number of makers, many of which soon disappeared. But not all of these advertised their manufactures to the Scottish farmer, or indeed could be easily purchased.

The North British Agriculturist and the Scottish farmer carried a number of adverts for the early tractors, providing evidence of what was available to the Scottish farmer to purchase. These were placed either directly by the makers themselves or a small number of agents, some in Scotland, though more often in England. There, were, however, few outlets from which to purchase one.

Perhaps the most widely advertised tractor was the “Avery” paraffin tractor, usually used alongside Cockshut ploughs. The agent was a well-known English agricultural and implement maker, R. A. Lister & Co. Ltd, Dursley, known for its engines (you will see many of them along the stationary engines in the rallies).

The “Avery” competed with the Whiting Bull paraffin tractor, sold by Whiting 1915 Ltd, in London; its agents for the south of Scotland were John Croall & Sons Ltd, Castle Terrace, Edinburgh. Its tractors were specially designed to be used by women, having a view to the acute shortage of male workers on the land. It advertised its tractors through the ease of their use and as “the acme in tractor construction”: it combined efficiency, economy and utility. It was a 24 hp engine with 4 cylinders. It was an already established tractor, with the company noting that “the Whiting-Bulll paraffin tractor has been working in many parts of England for two years past. It is one of the most popular machines in the United States, where over 25,000 are in use at the present time.” It was demonstrated at a number of farms throughout the country, including public one on James W. Scarlett’s farm at Inveresk, in July.

The “Moline” was sold by one of the largest implement and machine makers in Scotland: John Wallace & Sons Ltd, Implement Works, Dennistoun, Glasgow. It was sold alongside its tractor plow (as well as Oliver plows for which Wallace had a reputation. It emphasised how easy it was to work: “Easter handled than team”, with a turn of 16 feet and a weight of 26 cwt with all weight on the drive wheels. It was adaptable to all farm implements, could work close to hedged and could be used on small or large fields.

By late 1917 the Mogul, was being sold by one of the largest Edinburgh implement and machine makers: A. & J. Main & Co. Ltd, Edinburgh. It also sold the Martin Motor plough with caterpillar traction. Another tractor to be advertised late in the year was the Wallis Cub Junior was also being sold by Rossleigh Ltd, Shandwick Place, and the Overtime from tractor, whose agent was Mr H. Storer, Blythswood Hotel, Glasgow: it was described as “an all year round tractor for the average farm, and can be used for all work on the farm previously done by horses, including ploughing, cultivating, harvesting, mowing, threshing, chaff cutting, &c”. The company reported that there were over 3,000 “Overtimes” in the British Isles.

Farmers looking fora smaller tractor could purchase the Bates’ steel mule – approved by purchase by the Board of Agriculture. It was supplied by the Power-Farm Supply Co., Coventry. It reminder readers “with a Bates steel mule you can not only do the work of ten horses in ploughing with one only, but, as with no other tractor, you can do it regardless of the ground condition, and the Mule will do your cultivating, seeding, rolling, and all other work on already broken up land, as well as help you in your hay and harvest work, and drive your fixed machinery, from a 54in threshing machine downwards.” Quite a list of uses!

However, the new Ford tractor, demonstrated at the trials of the Royal Agricultural Society of England was not advertised in the North British Agriculturist of 1917. That was not to take place until the following year.

If you were a farmer in 1917 you could not help but notice the winds of change blowing through the world of agriculture with the large and striking adverts placed by tractor makers and agents. The adverts emphasised the simplicity, efficiency and ease of working of the tractors. They were modern and attractiv, just like the manufactures they were advertising.

The photograph of the 1919 Fordson F was taken at the Fife Vintage Agricultural Machinery rally, June 1917.

One of the less-well known implement makers that is recollected today is R. G. Morton, Errol. In its day, the company was a highly regarded engine maker, making among other items, horizontal engines, semi-portable engines, boilers, turbines and threshing mills.

By 1877 Robert G. Morton had set up his business at the railway station, Errol, Perthshire, from which he had the ease of transport to distribute his manufactures. By 1913 the company had changed form and R. G. Morton (Errol) was located at Motherwell, Lanarkshire.

The company actively promoted its manufactures in both the North British Agriculturist and the Scottish Farmers, especially from the mid 1880s onwards until 1913. It was a regular attender at the Highland Show from 1870. It considered itself as an innovative business, entering a number of its manufactures for trials of the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland. These included an exhaust fan in 1884 which won a £10 prize. In 1884 it entered the Society’s trial of machines adapted for cleaning all sorts of grain and other seeds from weeds. In 1888 one of its steam engines was selected for and entered for trial. In 1890 it entered the Society’s trial of grist mills.

By trade, the company was an agricultural implement maker, a boilermaker, engineer and millwright,a machine maker, a mechanical engineer, and more lately a motor-van, lorry and builder.

On the death of Robert G. Morton in the spring of 1920, the North British Agriculturist, acknowledged his innovative business. It wrote:

“To farmers of twenty-five to forty years ago, few men were better known in the agricultural engineering business than Mr R. Aikman Gray Morton, whose death has taken place at his son’s residence, 2 hamilton Drive, Bothwell. Mr R. G. Morton was the noted millwright and agricultural engineer of Errol, Perthshire, and in his time carried on an extensive business which had a wide and well-established reputation. Mr Morton first made his mark in 1868, having in that year invented the “Comb Drum” threshing machine, an implement which practically revolutionised the system of grain threshing then in force. One of his greatest improvements on the original Comb Drum machine was the introduction of the double drum, by which it was possible not only to thresh clean grain of every description, but also to preserve the most tender-fibres straw from being unduly broken up or damaged. In addition to threshing machines and farm engines (which at Errol had been brought to a wonderful degree of perfection), Mr Morton did a large trade in numerous other agricultural appliances, as well as in general machinery for manufacturing purposes, and these were sent to almost every manufacturing centre in the world. He was a man of high ideal and universally esteemed.”

Morton is a fantastic example of how innovative engineering was carried on in rural Scotland and of its outstanding reputation.

By 1959 there were a number of key tractor agents throughout Scotland, especially in the eastern arable areas. Here is a list of the main agents – what ones do you recollect? what ones art missing from the list?

Agra Motor & Agricultural Engineers, Quayside, Banff
Alexanders of Edinburgh Ltd, Gardner’s Crescent, Edinburgh
Barclay, Ross & Hutchison Ltd, 67 The green, Aberdeen
A. J. Bowen & Co. Ltd, Harvester House, Markinch, Fife
Harry K. Brown (Motors) Ltd (Fordson distributors for Fife, Kinross, & Clackmannan, Ransome agents), Raith Motor Works, Nicol Street, Kirkcaldy – branches at Cupar, and Dunfermline
Caledonian Tractor & Equipment Co. Ltd, Rigby Street, Glasgow (factory, Tannochside, Uddingston)
Commercial Garage, Turriff
Cumming & Dempster, Dee Street, Banchory
Dalblair Motors Ltd (main Fordson dealers), 44 Dalblair Road, Ayr
John Davidson & Son (Engineers) Ltd, 51-53 High Street, Turriff
James Duncan (Fordson & Ferguson), Methlick, Aberdeenshire
James Duncan, Victoria Garage, Maud, Aberdeenshire
Elgin Central Engineers Ltd, Fordon Main Dealers, High Street and Hill Street, Elgin
Farm Mechanisation Co. Ltd, South Road, Cupar, Fife
George & Jobling, 14-160 Bothwell Street, Glasgow
Mark Goodson Ltd, 34-36 High Street, Jedburgh
James Gordon (Engineers) Ltd, Newmarket Street, Castle Douglas
John Harper & Sons (Blairgowrie) Ltd, 27-29 Perth Street, Blairgowrie
Harper Motor Co. Ltd, Fordson Main dealers, sales dept, 20 Union Glen, Aberdeen
D. McIntosh & Sons (diesel tractor repairs), Errol, Perthshire
Mackay’s Garage & Agricultural Co. Ltd, Central Garage, Dingwall (branches Thurso and Dornoch)
Mcleod & McLean Ltd, (Ferguson dealers), Commercial Road, Lerwick
Macneill Tractor & Equipment Co. Ltd, 20 Graham Square, Glasgow (sales and service dept, 57 Meiklewood Road, Glasgow), and Edward Road, Stirling)
Massey-Harris-Ferguson (manufacturing) Ltd, Kilmarnock. Head office, Barnton Dock Road, Manchester
John M. Millar, Ltd, Callendar Road, Falkirk
Morayshire Tractors Ltd, Nairn Road, Forres
A. T. Mungall Ltd (Fordson main dealers), Forfar
W. & R. Murray (all leading makes), Main Street, Alford, Aberdeenshire
P. S. Nicholson, 215-219 High Street, Elgin
P. S. Nicholson (Forres) Ltd, St Catherine’s Road, Forres
Jack Olding & Co. (Scotland) Ltd, Coronation Works, Coupar ANgus, Perthshire. Also Perth, Bucksburn, Huntly, Mintlaw.
Reekie Engineering Co. Ltd, Ferguson Tractor Distributors, Arbroath
Allan W. reid (Ayr) Ltd (International Harvester), 58 Main Road, Whitletts, Ayr and at Bridgemill, Glenluce
G. Ross & Co. (David Brown distributors), Friockheim, by Arbroath
Neil Ross (Elgin) Ltd, Greyfriars Street, Elgin
Geo. Sellar & Son Ltd, 30 Great Northern Road, Aberdeen. Branches at Huntly and Alloa; works, Alloa
Shearer Brothers Ltd (Fordson distributors), Maybank Works, Turriff, Aberdeenshire
J. B. W. Smith Ltd (Massey-Ferguson main agents), Cupar, Fife
Stirling Tractors Ltd, Ferguson Tractor distributors, St Ninians, Trucks & Pallets (Scotland), Wilson Place, East Kilbride.
The photographs were taken at the Bon Accord Steam Rally, June 2017.

If you were a farmer or an agriculturist in the north-east in 1919 you would have had a large number of agricultural implement and machine makers to undertake your business with. Some were small, trading locally in a parish or a small area. Others were well-known throughout the region. There were others that were well-known throughout Scotland and also much more widely throughout Britain, and indeed the world.

In may 1919 the North British Agriculturist published a description of some of the most noted traders. Some of their names were weak known until well-through the twentieth century.

Richard S. Allan was head of the firm of Allan Bros., Ashgrove Engineering Works, whose large “shop” for the manufacture of oil engines adjoins, and is very familiar to frequenters of the Royal Northern Society’s yard at kittybrewster. The NBA noted “it is a good number of years since Mr Allan, along with his brother, Mr Jas S. Allan, now in retirement in a farm, began the manufacture of oil engines, and developed a reputation for a sweet-running substantial engine, second to none turned out in Scotland.”

R. G. Garvie, the NBA noted, was “ably assisted in business by his two sons, trades under the style of R. Garvie & Sons. He has had a lifelong connection with the implement trade. Apprenticed as a joiner, in his early days he became expert in all wood-working machinery. In 1876 he joined the firm of Ben Reid & Co., and after a long connection with that firm in the Bon Accord Worksm he ultimately acquired premises on his own account, and has specialised in broad casters and thrashing machines. It is questionable, so far as thrashing machinery is concerned, if any one firm has supplied more thrashers of the medium and small type to Ireland and Scotland, and all parts of the country, where such sizes of machines are useful.

Another well-known person was Alex Pirie, JP “of that old established and celebrated firm for plough production-George Sellar & Son Ltd, Huntly. Mr Pirie has risen to his present position by his own individual efforts. From his knowledge both theoretically and practically of what is required for high cultivation on the farm, it can be truly said of him that in the North of Scotland no man has accomplished greater things in the introduction of harvesting machinery, ploughs, and general cultivation implements. He is a man of wide outlook and sympathies, and in the midst of a busy life takes a keen interest in the schooling of children, and is a member of the Education Authority for his district.”

Wm Reid of Reid & Leys, Aberdeen, was an “old landmark amongst the agricultural traders in the North-East, and has for a very long period of years, in his conveniently situated premises in madden Street, carried on a trade in agricultural seeds as well as machines. He has a wide knowledge and experience, and has the reputation of being one of the most trustworthy men in the agricultural providing trade.

The well-known firm of Barclay, Ross (later Barclay, Ross & Hutchinson), was represented by Robert R. Ross, the “well-known joint secretary of the Royal Northern Agricultural Society, the affairs of which he conducts along with the assistance of his energetic and obliging partner, Tom Hutchison.” The business was founded by Mr Barclay, brother of the famous MP who took a great part in agricultural legislation in “bygone years”.

Eric Shearer was of the firm Shearer Bros, Turriff. The NBA noted that “Mr Shearer has laid himself out to manufacture thrashing machines, and has a well-equipped establishment of modern labour-saving machinery. He has specialised in a small-sized thrashing machine, on the merits of which he has built up a large and steady-going business in many countries throughout the world.

William Watson was of Watson Bros., Banff Foundry. The NBA noted that “Banff Foundry has long been known to agriculturists not only in this district but throughout the whole country. It was in it that the first practical potato planter was made, when the business was in the lands of the late W. G. Murray. Since the steam drifter came into vogue, the Messrs Watson have done a large business in engineering these and during the war years the firm was exclusively engaged on repair work for the Government, although the implement business was still carried on. Mr Watson is one of the brothers in the business, and under their management the traditions of their predecessors is fully maintained.

Charles F. Watson was another well-known implement and machine maker. His company Chas. F. Wilson & Co., were located on the Links in Aberdeen. According to the NBA “Mr Wilson has for long been engaged in the oil-engine business, and has a good trade, especially with India and the Colonies.”

Around the rallies in north-east and indeed throughout Scotland, you can still see manufactures from these eminent traders. They represent some of the best Scottish agricultural implements and machines made and sold in Scotland.

The photographs were taken at the New Deer Show, July 2014.

One of the largest implement and machine makers in south-west Scotland was James Gordon. On his death in 1923,the North British Agriculturist included an extensive obituary. It provides a number of insights into the nam, his business and the implement trade:

“We noted last week the death of Mr James Gordon, in his time one of the most widely known men in the agricultural implement trade, which occurred at his residence, St Mary’s Drive, Kirkcudbright. Mr Gordon was born at Culraven, Borgue, near Kirkcudbright, on March 2, 1849, and it is of interest to note that his family have been connected with that farm for the long period of 400 years. In 1865 Mr Gordon went to Bradford, Yorkshire, to serve his apprenticeship with the then well-known firm of McKean, Tetley & Co., wholesale merchants and manufacturers. He had only been about three and a half years in the warehouse, when the management, recognising his ability, put him to the “road” as their representative, and he continued to act as their traveller, and that very successfully for the next four years. Those were exciting days, with great political unrest, and Fenianism was abroad in the land. It was during the years 1869-70 that Mr Gordon, then a strapping young Gallovidian, was sworn in as a special constable, and he retained until his death hhis baton as a memento of those stirring days.
In 1870, when the Highland and Agricultural Show was being held at Dumfries, Mr Gordon came to assist his brother John with his stand on that occasion, and this was his first introduction to the implement trade-a trade which soon came to claim such a large portion of his lifework and brought him into contact with agriculturists all over the country.
In 1872 his father passed away at Culraven, and he have up his situation at Bradford, coming to Castle Douglas to take over his brother John’s business, which had been established seven years before, and where a considerable business had been done in the seed and manure trade, as well as in agricultural implements. Mr John Gordon then went to take charge of the farm of Culraven, At that period agricultural implements were beginning to come into their own, and the business grew rapidly. In 1874 Mr Gordon introduced Wood’s side-delivery self delivery, which soon became very popular anode which a large number were sold in the next few years. Two years later he was the means of introducing another well-known machine, Harrison, Macgregor, & Co’s back-delivery self-delivery. It may be of interest to agriculturists to note that in those days, now so far away, the price of wool was 2s 6d per lb, grain 4s 6d a bushel, and hay about 1s 6d a stone. these were good prices, and thus farmers were enabled to go in for implements to a large extent. At the Royal Society’s show at Carlisle in 1881 Mr Gordon showed his champion turnip drill for the first time. It received the special attention of the judges and soon proved one of the most popular. A year later he showed the first binder in Galloway, the Walter A. Wood’s binder, which was tried on the farm of Marshfield, in the neighbourhood of Castle Douglas, then tenanted by his relative, Mr Payne, and also on the farm of Greenlaw, in the same district. It did good work, but at that time wire was used for binding the sheaves, and farmers had a strong prejudice against it. In addition, it was a pretty heavy draught.
Four years later Woods brought out a much improved binder, using twine in place of the wire, and this immediately came into its own. At the trials carried out by the Highland and Agricultural Society at Terregles, near Dumfries, Mr Gordon entered the Woods binder, and there was a great fight between the woods binder and a binder made by Hornsby, of Grantham, for the £100 prize offered by the Society. the judges were divided in their opinion as to the better machine, and eventually the prize was divided between the two competing firms. Mr Gordon’s next venture was the introduction, in 1900, of the Patent New Century Coulter on his drill. This was a big improvement on anything which had preceded it, and immediately brought his drill into the front rank, with the result that when he retired he had sold no fewer than 3500 of them. He also invented and registered the Galloway Turnip Cutter, with hinged hopper, and this too caught the popular fancy, he being sole agent over a wide extent of territory stretching from Penrith in Cumberland to Stranraer in Wigtownshire. He also patented an oil cake mill, with hinged hopper, on the same lines as the galloway cutter. Besides being agent for most of the leading manufacturers, Mr Gordon had a considerable workshop in Castle Douglas, where he manufactured, besides turnip drills and cutters, large numbers of cattle troughs, meat coolers, corn bins, ploughs and harrows, wheel barrows, &c, besides a large connection in repairing farm implements and machinery. As showing how he was respected as an employer, it may be mentioned that when the war broke out in 1914, one of his men had been 40 years with him, two about 35 years, one 24 1/2 years, one 17 1/2 years, and still another 5 years. Mr Gordon travelled through Wigtownshire twice a year, so that, with his four years in Bradford, he had travelled for over 54 years altogether, from 1868 to 1922.
When Mr Gordon came to Castle Douglas the last post left that flourishing market town at 6,40pm. He soon ascertained that the Newton Stewart people, who were 30 miles farther from London, could post up till two hours later. He took the matter up with the Postmaster-General, with the result, gratifying to the community as well as to himself, that a mail was granted up till 9.40pm, thereby adding very much to the convenience of the business community. In the course of the years he became well known among the agricultural community from Thurso to Cornwall, his turnip still being sent all over Great Britain by agents, and even to Nova Scotia, while the Canadian Government bought one 30 years ago.
While deeply engrossed in business, Mr Gordon found time tons serve the public in various useful capacities. he had been an elder in Kelton Parish Church and also Castle Douglas Parish Church for many years. In a more public capacity he was for long a member of Castle Douglas Town Council and also of the local School Board, and in both spheres did excellent work, always endeavouring to make for economy and efficiency. He was also vice-chairman of the Castle Douglas Citizen’s Union, and collected two-thirds of the funds to set it afoot. He also took a leading part in the formation of a branch of the Middle Class Union.He had been a life member of the Highland and Agricultural Society for 44 years.
Mr Gordon had a very worthy helpmate in his wife, who ably assisted her husband in his business career,a nd during the war years did an extraordinary amount of work on behalf of war charities, taking a prominent part in organising efforts on behalf of serving soldiers and their dependents.

Have you seen any implements and machines made by James Gordon?

Around our rally fields during the summer months we get to see some rather special displays. They might be of rare tractors or implements or machines or of particular exhibits brought together. On Sunday at the Fife Vintage Agricultural machinery rally we had a number of these, including the first Case tractor to arrive into British shores.

For me the most outstanding one was the two ploughing engines, Master and Mistress around the rally ring. Regular readers of this site will maybe have spotted that I have an enthusiasm for ploughing engines. But this was a really special display: you may recollect having seen the engines at the Scottish Ploughing Championships in 2014, the first time that they worked together since the two engines were reunited in the spring 2012. But this was the first time, I believe, that they were together around the rally ring. And didn’t they look spectacular.